Mark brinkley explains the various options, including the flat, curved, panellised and trussed roof variations. The rating only is applied to the tested body type. In addition to being used in residential construction, the flat roof is typically used on commercial structures to provide a platform for heating and other mechanical equipment. A pitched roof is defined by having a roof pitch above 1. Framing a roof berlinboylston regional school district. House roof framing and construction diagrams, with important roofing terms, roof shapes and framing types. The structure is significantly oversized for the expected load cases. By knowing you have access to all of the right information from proper storage and installation. Thornton tomasettis london office provided the structural and facade engineering services for the design of a new no. Corporate twins of the same body type and with identical roof structure are. Chapter 4 buildings, structures, and nonstructural components. The roof truss along with its supporting columns is termed a bent. A roof is a structure forming the upper covering of a building or other shelter.
Nov 22, 2015 a truss is a structure consisting of members elements that takes only tension or compression and no bending is induced what so ever. It is the strongest type of roof because it is braced by four hip rafters. Ensure it is properly flashed and waterproofed to protect the roof s integrity. Incorrect installation procedure or attachment, and improper sealing of the flashing will allow the water to enter between the roofing systems and the roof structure. Each triangle is constructed with straight and usually slender continue reading the post top 3 types of roof structures appeared first on sater design collection. Chapter 4 buildings, structures, and nonstructural. The live loads used for the structural design of floors, roof and the supporting members shall be the greatest applied loads arising from the intended use or occupancy of the building, or from the stacking of materials and.
A truss is a structure consisting of members elements that takes only tension or compression and no bending is induced what so ever. Structural systems are categorized based on the material of construction e. Nov 18, 2014 a truss is a structure comprising one or more triangular units. Residential roof types roof shapes roof types roofs in architecture roofing materials roofs as sustainable space. Carpenter uses a pneumatic nailer to attach plywood sheathing to the roof raftersin this case, a series of roof trusses. Lamella roofs eggcrate, geometric or diamondpatterned roof.
There are more ways than ever to build a roof structure some quicker and easier than others. The main structural parts of a roof are ceiling joists, ridge board, jack rafter, hip rafter, common. A roof also beautify a house but the primary purpose of a roof is to protect against any form of weather. The valley is formed where the two different sections of the roof meet, generally at a 90 angle. Couple roof this type of roof is formed by couple or pair of rafters which slope to both the sides of the ridge of the roof. A flat roof is defined by having a roof pitch below 1.
When making a structure, it could typically be considered approved that the roof is a one shapefitsall event, yet this is most definitely not. Roofs have been constructed in a wide variety of formsflat, pitched, vaulted, domed, or in combinationsas dictated by technical, economic, or aesthetic considerations. Technical manual for the design and construction of roofs. Compact structure for flat roofs structure is made of roll formed gi profiles c channels and angles, 120gsm standard, 550gsm on request between 5070kg per kw, based on latitude stainless steel fasteners, ss stud bolts for foundations no welding required tailored to meet roof area and system size. Most materials can be used for a mansard roof, but be aware of the low slope part of the roof.
When making a structure, it could typically be considered approved that the roof is a one shapefitsall event, yet this is most definitely not the situation. Gabled and hip forms occur most frequently, although shed and flat roofs appear on. A crack does not occur in sus 304 when a 180 tight bend is made, while for sus 430 a crack may occur when the inner radius of the bending is too small. Type iii this type of constructed building is also called a brickandjoist structure by some. This design is very similar to the trapezoid structure of gable roofs, with the addition of the two triangular hip ends the only real distinguishing factor. This type of roof is more complicated than the figure 21. Your roof type dictates what roofing material you can select. The simplest is the leanto, or shed, which has only one slope. Flat roof construction types thermal design 1 manchester university warm roof in a warm roof construction the principal thermal insulation layer is located above the structural decking, resulting in the structural deck and support structure being at a temperature close to that of the interior of the building. Structural design of the roof structure for the swisstech convention center in lausanne conference paper pdf available may 2015 with 1,265 reads how we measure reads. Types of roof designing buildings wiki share your construction industry knowledge. Top 3 types of roof structures sater design collection. This article describes and illustrates the different types of support that prevents roof sagging and wall bulging at buildings, including definitions of collar ties, rafter ties, and structural ridge beams.
The main factors which influence the shape of roofs are the climate and the materials available for roof structure and the outer covering. The function of the flashing is to provide a seal, a watertight seal, between roofing materials, roof sections, and other parts of the building. Residential roof types roof shapes roof types roofs in architecture. The results of this structural analysis show that the originally designed structure should be capable of carrying the additional 25psf load of an extensive green roof. Some of the most primary needs that a structure demands from a roof are protection from the weather, overall design compatibility with the existing structure, and housing of internal elements such as piping, electrical wiring, ventilation, insulation. Roof components underlayment the underlayment of a roof is the black paper thats laid over the plywood sheeting in order to seal the roof. Assessment 1 17 identify various types of roofs assessment 2 19 roof framing components assessment 3 23 identify and explain roof. Structural systems for large span sports complex structures. The type of roof covering used on the roof may also help decide what kind of roofing structure you have. It is simple in design, economical to construct, and can be used on any type of structure. Gable roofs that are clipped into a short hipped design on the ends are structurally superior to.
Types of roof free download as powerpoint presentation. But before we get into the types of roofs, we need to know the different components that make up a roof. This standard details manual, aka the blue book, is the right tool to have at your fingertips. Fully faced toward the sky, they catch the brunt of weathers worst. Oct 09, 2014 house roof framing and construction diagrams, with important roofing terms, roof shapes and framing types. Construction types definitions type iafire resistive noncombustible commonly found in highrise buildings and group i occupancies. Roof types, development of plan shapes and member positions are explained. Roof, covering of the top of a building, serving to protect against rain, snow, sunlight, wind, and extremes of temperature. Nov 17, 2019 types of roof designing buildings wiki share your construction industry knowledge.
Pdf study of different pitched roof types researchgate. After world war ii, the forest service increasingly procured asphalt and asbestosbased building materials. Modern construction methods make use of another type of roof structure and this is known as trussed rafter roofs see trussed rafter roofs. Common on gymnasiums, supermarkets and recreational buildings. They create internal space which are barrier free and flexible. Where the insulation is not included within its structure maybe the insulation is laid on the ceiling of the floor below then it is called a cold roof. When used, it must be shown on the roof plan flat roof. Roof pitch the roof pitch is the numerical measure of how steep or shallow a roof is.
Roof structures and types of roofs linkedin slideshare. In this type of roof the common rafters slope upwards from the opposite walls and they meet on a ridge piece in the middle as shown in the fig. Types of design of timber roof trusses pdf and styles. There are many parameters to consider when good roof performance is desired. The most common type of metal roof is the standing seam roof, so named because the aluminum or steel roofing panels meet in raised seams that interlock to keep moisture out. Buildings are low rise steel structures characterized by low height, lack of interior floor, walls, and partitions. This gallery includes terrific roof design illustrations so you can easily see the differences between types of roofs. Simple and lightweight materials like asphalt shingles wont need a huge amount of support so the structure. The components are introduced in the order that you install them in the roof construction sequence. It is an area that should be carefully inspected prior to any other area. Common types of trusses roof trusses in general, the roof load is transmitted to the truss by a series of purlins. Design of basic elements of the structure roof deck, purlins, girders, columns and girts. Roof structure article about roof structure by the free.
The structure is a series of trusses, beams and rafters that give the roof its shape and that the roof sheathing is laid upon. However, a building includes the structure itself and nonstructural components e. Jul 27, 20 where a roof has insulation as an integral part of its structure it is called a warm roof. Depending on the different type of structural syst f tem, roof structure can include the following. Mansard roofs can take various silhouettes, including straightangle, convex or concave. Roof structures roofs section1 module 3 sheet 5 12section roof structures types of roof structure traditional roofs can be divided into three main types of structure. Modern construction methods make use of another type of roof structure and this is known as trussed rafter roofs see.
Feb 14, 2017 flat roof construction types, industrial roof construction types, list of roof construction types, patio roof construction types, pitched roof construction types, roof construction types, roof. May 10, 2018 a roof is the uppermost parts of any building which give protection against animals, and most especially weather, be it rain, snow, sunlight, heat, wind and so on. Flat or nearly flat roofs must be covered with builtup roofs such as tar and gravel or more modern counterparts to keep water out. Its primary purpose is generally to provide protection from the elements, but it may also contribute to safety, security, privacy, insulation, and so on. Ceiling joist ceiling joists are the horizontal beams that run parallel from one wall to the opposite wall of the structure. When you see a home under construction and see lumber connected on top of the main housing structure you are looking at the roofing structure. A roof is part of the building envelope the characteristics of a roof. A roof with two slopes that form an a or triangle is called a gable, or pitched, roof. Domestic roof construction is the framing and roof covering which is found on most detached houses in cold and temperate climates. The processing limit in which a crack will not occur in the plate is called the minimum bending radius, and the value depends on the stainless steel type. A roof is the top covering of a building, including all materials and constructions necessary to support it on the walls of the building or on uprights.
Chapter 19 overview types of roofs traditional frame roof construction new roofing materials. Building framing systems and best practices building. This is likely the product of using standard member sizes e. Strgi2000 low cost compact structure suitable for flat roofs and small to mid sized installations 1kw100kw june 25, 2014 confidential, nordic india solutions 4 compact structure for flat roofs structure.
Hip and valley roofing property and building inspections. The flat roof is a very common style in areas with little rain or snow. Whenever possible, begin trim installation at the downwind end of the roof, farthest away from the source of prevailing winds, to allow flashing laps to face away from winddriven rain. Such roofs are built with mostly timber, take a number of different shapes, and are covered with a variety of materials. Different types of roof, roof trusses and their components. The basic shapes of roofs are flat, monopitched, gabled, hipped, butterfly, arched and domed. Construction materials will differ depending on the pitch of the roof. Timber framing is when craftsmen assemble timbers, joinery and braces together to form a selfsupporting skeleton structure. Sep 01, 2019 most types of materials can be used in a dutch gable roof and in fact using variations in colors or types actually adds a nice contrast. Shear walls or steel moment frames in homes with large windows or other large openings provide the strength to resist lateral loads. The sufficiently advanced stage of cast iron structures. Includes aframe, bonnet, gable, hip, mansard, butterfly, valley combination, shed and more.
Design of industrial truss university of asia pacific. The structural integrity and successful performance of the roof structure during highwind events depends upon. Thornton tomasetti designed the new static roof structure that will support the moving roof and accommodate the roof plant equipment. The roof structures exceeding 12m in length are called long span roofs. The ceiling joists are attached to the top plate and tie. Pdf structural design of the roof structure for the. Traditional roofs can be divided into three main types of. It is any structure that is used to store raw materials and etc. Analysis of truss structures common roof trusses analysis of truss structures common roof trusses common types. Types of roof structure traditional roofs can be divided into three main types of structure.
Jerkinhead the jerkinhead design typically features mostly gable with a little bit of hipped influx mixed in. For roofs with a 3in12 pitch or less, tar and gravel, bitumen, roll roofing, or even metal sheet roofs. A gable roof has a ridge at the center and slopes in two directions. Different roof structures can be used according to functional requirements or the design approach. Intersecting the intersecting roof consists of a gable and valley, or hip and valley. The character of the building the type of the roofing structure local conditions, cost, etc.
The members are connected with a guzzet joint that is either riveted, bolted or welded in such a way that has only axial forces are induced in the structure. It has masonrybearing walls but the floors, structural framework, and roof are made of wood or other combustible material. Roof snow drift surcharge a n g l e note a 15% increase in the allowable capacity of wood for loads that include snow, which is a shortterm load snow loads 712 cs 0. The most commonly used types of pitched roof construction are the gable, the hip, the. Total roof collapse may occur if fire removes more than 20% of roof structure. Metal roofs of all kinds are increasingly popular in regions with heavy snowfall or where there is a notable danger of wild fires since this is a roofing material that is. What is a truss, truss types, roof trusses, bridge trusses. Roof trusses can be said to be the skeleton of the roof. Definition of roofs slopes flat roof a flat roof is defined by having a roof pitch below 1.
1185 282 525 1574 1383 251 194 919 737 1371 662 651 897 1535 1112 309 644 419 1565 1276 450 974 1262 983 1175 1181 1028 946 1403 674 283 351 948 479 1035 526 491 1320 368 543